P0f v2 is a versatile passive OS fingerprinting tool. P0f can identify the operating system on: - machines that connect to your box (SYN mode), - machines you connect to (SYN+ACK mode), - machine you cannot connect to (RST+ mode), - machines whose communications you can observe. P0f can also do many other tricks, and can detect or measure the following: - firewall presence or masquerading (useful for policy enforcement), - presence of a load balancer setup, - the distance to the remote system and its uptime, - other guy's network hookup (DSL, OC3, avian carriers) and his ISP.